feat(templates): overloads the GetTypeHash algorithm for array

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Private/Testing/TemplatesTesting.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ void TestTemplates()
 	TestTuple();
 	TestFunction();
 	TestAtomic();
+	TestScopeHelper();
 	TestMiscTemplates();
 }
 
@@ -173,6 +174,13 @@ void TestOptional()
 		always_check(TempB <= TempC);
 		always_check(TempA <=> TempB == partial_ordering::unordered);
 	}
+
+	{
+		struct FTest { FTest(initializer_list<int32>, int32) { } };
+
+		TOptional<FTest> Temp(InPlace, { 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+		Temp.Emplace({ 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+	}
 }
 
 void TestVariant()
@@ -186,8 +194,8 @@ void TestVariant()
 //		TVariant<int32> TempF(0.0);
 		TVariant<int32> TempG(TempA);
 		TVariant<int32> TempH(TempD);
-		TVariant<int32> TempI(TVariant<int32>(0));
-		TVariant<int32> TempJ(TVariant<int32>(Invalid));
+		TVariant<int32> TempI = TVariant<int32>(0);
+		TVariant<int32> TempJ = TVariant<int32>(Invalid);
 
 		TVariant<int32> TempK, TempL, TempM, TempN;
 		TempK = TempA;
@@ -423,6 +431,16 @@ void TestVariant()
 		always_check(TempD >= TempC);
 		always_check(TempA <=> TempB == partial_ordering::unordered);
 	}
+
+	{
+		struct FTest { FTest(initializer_list<int32>, int32) { } };
+
+		TVariant<FTest> TempA(InPlaceIndex<0>, { 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+		TempA.Emplace<0>({ 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+
+		TVariant<FTest> TempB(InPlaceType<FTest>, { 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+		TempB.Emplace<FTest>({ 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+	}
 }
 
 void TestAny()
@@ -630,6 +648,12 @@ void TestAny()
 		TempZ = FTracker();
 	}
 
+	{
+		struct FTest { FTest(initializer_list<int32>, int32) { } };
+
+		FAny Temp(InPlaceType<FTest>, { 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+		Temp.Emplace<FTest>({ 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+	}
 }
 
 void TestTuple()
@@ -1235,6 +1259,19 @@ void TestFunction()
 		always_check(NotIdentity(false));
 	}
 
+	{
+		struct FTest
+		{
+			FTest(initializer_list<int32>, int32) { }
+			void operator()() { }
+		};
+
+		TFunction<void()> TempA(InPlaceType<FTest>, { 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+		TempA.Emplace<FTest>({ 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+
+		TUniqueFunction<void()> TempB(InPlaceType<FTest>, { 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+		TempB.Emplace<FTest>({ 0, 1, 2 }, 3);
+	}
 }
 
 void TestAtomic()
@@ -1345,6 +1382,93 @@ void TestAtomic()
 	}
 }
 
+void TestScopeHelper()
+{
+	{
+		int32 CheckNum = 0;
+		{
+			TScopeCallback ScopeCallback([&]() { CheckNum = 2; });
+			always_check(CheckNum == 0);
+			CheckNum = 1;
+			always_check(CheckNum == 1);
+		}
+		always_check(CheckNum == 2);
+	}
+
+	{
+		int32 CheckNum = 0;
+		{
+			TScopeCallback ScopeCallback([&]() { CheckNum = 2; });
+			always_check(CheckNum == 0);
+			CheckNum = 1;
+			always_check(CheckNum == 1);
+			ScopeCallback.Release();
+		}
+		always_check(CheckNum == 1);
+	}
+
+	{
+		int32 CheckNum = 0;
+		{
+			TScopeCallback ScopeCallbackA([&]() { CheckNum = 2; });
+			TScopeCallback ScopeCallbackB(MoveTemp(ScopeCallbackA));
+			always_check(CheckNum == 0);
+			CheckNum = 1;
+			always_check(CheckNum == 1);
+		}
+		always_check(CheckNum == 2);
+	}
+
+	{
+		int32 CheckNum = 1;
+		{
+			TGuardValue GuardValue(CheckNum);
+			CheckNum = 2;
+			always_check(CheckNum == 2);
+		}
+		always_check(CheckNum == 1);
+	}
+
+	{
+		int32 CheckNum = 1;
+		{
+			TGuardValue GuardValue(CheckNum, 2);
+			always_check(CheckNum == 2);
+		}
+		always_check(CheckNum == 1);
+	}
+
+	{
+		int32 CheckNum = 1;
+		{
+			TGuardValue GuardValue(CheckNum, 2);
+			always_check(CheckNum == 2);
+			GuardValue.Release();
+		}
+		always_check(CheckNum == 2);
+	}
+
+	{
+		int32 CheckNum = 1;
+		{
+			TGuardValue GuardValueA(CheckNum, 2);
+			TGuardValue GuardValueB(MoveTemp(GuardValueA));
+			always_check(CheckNum == 2);
+		}
+		always_check(CheckNum == 1);
+	}
+
+	{
+		int32 CheckNum = 1;
+		{
+			TScopeCounter GuardValue(CheckNum);
+			always_check(CheckNum == 2);
+		}
+		always_check(CheckNum == 1);
+	}
+
+}
+
 NAMESPACE_UNNAMED_BEGIN
 
 template <typename T>

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Templates/Any.h

@@ -106,6 +106,13 @@ public:
 	{
 		EmplaceImpl<T>(Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
 	}
+	
+	/** Constructs an object with initial content an object of type TDecay<T>, direct-non-list-initialized from IL, Forward<Ts>(Args).... */
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::CFAnyPlaceable<T> && CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, initializer_list<U>, Ts&&...>)
+	FORCEINLINE explicit FAny(TInPlaceType<T>, initializer_list<U> IL, Ts&&... Args)
+	{
+		EmplaceImpl<T>(IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
+	}
 
 	/** Destroys the contained object, if any, as if by a call to Reset(). */
 	FORCEINLINE ~FAny()
@@ -275,7 +282,7 @@ public:
 	 * First destroys the current contained object (if any) by Reset(), then constructs an object of type
 	 * TDecay<T>, direct-non-list-initialized from Forward<Ts>(Args)..., as the contained object.
 	 *
-	 * @param  Args	- The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the contained object.
+	 * @param  Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the contained object.
 	 *
 	 * @return A reference to the new contained object.
 	 */
@@ -287,6 +294,23 @@ public:
 		return GetValue<TDecay<T>>();
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Changes the contained object to one of type TDecay<T> constructed from the arguments.
+	 * First destroys the current contained object (if any) by Reset(), then constructs an object of type
+	 * TDecay<T>, direct-non-list-initialized from IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)..., as the contained object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  IL, Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the contained object.
+	 *
+	 * @return A reference to the new contained object.
+	 */
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::CFAnyPlaceable<T> && CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, initializer_list<U>, Ts&&...>)
+	FORCEINLINE TDecay<T>& Emplace(initializer_list<U> IL, Ts&&... Args)
+	{
+		Destroy();
+		EmplaceImpl<T>(IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
+		return GetValue<TDecay<T>>();
+	}
+
 	/** @return The typeid of the contained value if instance is non-empty, otherwise typeid(void). */
 	NODISCARD FORCEINLINE constexpr const type_info& GetTypeInfo() const { return IsValid() ? GetTypeInfoImpl() : typeid(void); }
 

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Templates/Container.h

@@ -1,57 +1,91 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "CoreTypes.h"
+#include "Templates/TypeHash.h"
+#include "TypeTraits/Swappable.h"
 
 NAMESPACE_REDCRAFT_BEGIN
 NAMESPACE_MODULE_BEGIN(Redcraft)
 NAMESPACE_MODULE_BEGIN(Utility)
 
-template <typename T> requires (requires(T&& Container) { Container.GetData(); })
+/** @return The pointer to the container element storage. */
+template <typename T> requires (requires(T&& Container) { { Container.GetData() } -> CPointer; })
 FORCEINLINE constexpr decltype(auto) GetData(T&& Container)
 {
 	return Container.GetData();
 }
 
+/** Overloads the GetData algorithm for arrays. */
 template <typename T, size_t N> FORCEINLINE constexpr       T* GetData(      T(&  Container)[N]) { return Container; }
 template <typename T, size_t N> FORCEINLINE constexpr       T* GetData(      T(&& Container)[N]) { return Container; }
 template <typename T, size_t N> FORCEINLINE constexpr const T* GetData(const T(&  Container)[N]) { return Container; }
 template <typename T, size_t N> FORCEINLINE constexpr const T* GetData(const T(&& Container)[N]) { return Container; }
 
-template <typename T> requires (requires(T&& Container) { Container.data(); })
+/** Overloads the GetData algorithm for T::data(). */
+template <typename T> requires (requires(T&& Container) { { Container.data() } -> CPointer; })
 FORCEINLINE constexpr decltype(auto) GetData(T&& Container)
 {
 	return Container.data();
 }
 
+/** Overloads the GetData algorithm for initializer_list. */
 template <typename T>
-FORCEINLINE constexpr decltype(auto) GetData(initializer_list<T> Container)
+FORCEINLINE constexpr const T* GetData(initializer_list<T> Container)
 {
 	return Container.begin();
 }
 
-template <typename T> requires (requires(T&& Container) { Container.Num(); })
+/** @return The number of elements in the container. */
+template <typename T> requires (requires(T&& Container) { { Container.Num() } -> CConvertibleTo<size_t>; })
 FORCEINLINE constexpr decltype(auto) GetNum(T&& Container)
 {
 	return Container.Num();
 }
 
+/** Overloads the GetNum algorithm for arrays. */
 template <typename T, size_t N> FORCEINLINE constexpr size_t GetNum(      T(&  Container)[N]) { return N; }
 template <typename T, size_t N> FORCEINLINE constexpr size_t GetNum(      T(&& Container)[N]) { return N; }
 template <typename T, size_t N> FORCEINLINE constexpr size_t GetNum(const T(&  Container)[N]) { return N; }
 template <typename T, size_t N> FORCEINLINE constexpr size_t GetNum(const T(&& Container)[N]) { return N; }
 
-template <typename T> requires (requires(T&& Container) { Container.size(); })
+/** Overloads the GetNum algorithm for T::size(). */
+template <typename T> requires (requires(T&& Container) { { Container.size() } -> CConvertibleTo<size_t>; })
 FORCEINLINE constexpr decltype(auto) GetNum(T&& Container)
 {
 	return Container.size();
 }
 
+/** Overloads the GetNum algorithm for initializer_list. */
 template <typename T>
-FORCEINLINE constexpr decltype(auto) GetNum(initializer_list<T> Container)
+FORCEINLINE constexpr size_t GetNum(initializer_list<T> Container)
 {
 	return Container.size();
 }
 
+/** Overloads the Swap algorithm for arrays. */
+template <typename T, size_t N> requires (CSwappable<TRemoveAllExtents<T>>)
+FORCEINLINE constexpr void Swap(T(&A)[N], T(&B)[N])
+{
+	for (size_t Index = 0; Index < N; ++Index)
+	{
+		Swap(A[Index], B[Index]);
+	}
+}
+
+/** Overloads the GetTypeHash algorithm for arrays. */
+template <typename T, size_t N> requires (CHashable<TRemoveAllExtents<T>>)
+FORCEINLINE constexpr size_t GetTypeHash(T(&A)[N])
+{
+	size_t Result = 3516520171;
+
+	for (size_t Index = 0; Index < N; ++Index)
+	{
+		Result = HashCombine(Result, GetTypeHash(A[Index]));
+	}
+	
+	return Result;
+}
+
 NAMESPACE_MODULE_END(Utility)
 NAMESPACE_MODULE_END(Redcraft)
 NAMESPACE_REDCRAFT_END

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Templates/Function.h

@@ -506,8 +506,8 @@ protected:
 	FORCEINLINE constexpr void Invalidate() { Storage.Invalidate(); }
 
 	// Make sure you call this function after you have destroyed the held object using Destroy().
-	template <typename T, typename... ArgTypes>
-	FORCEINLINE constexpr TDecay<T>& Emplace(ArgTypes&&... Args)
+	template <typename T, typename... Us>
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr TDecay<T>& Emplace(Us&&... Args)
 	{
 		using DecayedType = TDecay<T>;
 
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ protected:
 
 		Storage.template Emplace<DecayedType>(
 			reinterpret_cast<uintptr>(Callable),
-			Forward<ArgTypes>(Args)...
+			Forward<Us>(Args)...
 		);
 
 		return *reinterpret_cast<DecayedType*>(Storage.GetValuePtr());
@@ -641,12 +641,24 @@ public:
 	 * Constructs an TFunction with initial content an function object of type TDecay<T>,
 	 * direct-non-list-initialized from Forward<Ts>(Args)....
 	 */
-	template <typename T, typename... ArgTypes> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
-		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, ArgTypes...> && CCopyConstructible<TDecay<T>>
+	template <typename T, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, Ts...> && CCopyConstructible<TDecay<T>>
 		&& CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
-	FORCEINLINE explicit TFunction(TInPlaceType<T>, ArgTypes&&... Args)
+	FORCEINLINE explicit TFunction(TInPlaceType<T>, Ts&&... Args)
 	{
-		Impl::template Emplace<T>(Forward<ArgTypes>(Args)...);
+		Impl::template Emplace<T>(Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Constructs an TFunction with initial content an function object of type TDecay<T>,
+	 * direct-non-list-initialized from IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)....
+	 */
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, initializer_list<U>, Ts...> && CCopyConstructible<TDecay<T>>
+		&& CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
+	FORCEINLINE explicit TFunction(TInPlaceType<T>, initializer_list<U> IL, Ts&&... Args)
+	{
+		Impl::template Emplace<T>(IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
 	}
 
 	/** Removes any bound callable from the TFunction, restoring it to the default empty state. */
@@ -670,17 +682,35 @@ public:
 	 * First destroys the current function object (if any) by Reset(), then constructs an object of type
 	 * TDecay<T>, direct-non-list-initialized from Forward<Ts>(Args)..., as the function object.
 	 *
-	 * @param  Args	- The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the function object.
+	 * @param  Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the function object.
 	 *
 	 * @return A reference to the new function object.
 	 */
-	template <typename T, typename... ArgTypes> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
-		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, ArgTypes...> && CCopyConstructible<TDecay<T>>
+	template <typename T, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, Ts...> && CCopyConstructible<TDecay<T>>
 		&& CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
-	FORCEINLINE TDecay<T>& Emplace(ArgTypes&&... Args)
+	FORCEINLINE TDecay<T>& Emplace(Ts&&... Args)
 	{
 		Impl::Destroy();
-		return Impl::template Emplace<T>(Forward<ArgTypes>(Args)...);
+		return Impl::template Emplace<T>(Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Changes the function object to one of type TDecay<T> constructed from the arguments.
+	 * First destroys the current function object (if any) by Reset(), then constructs an object of type
+	 * TDecay<T>, direct-non-list-initialized from IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)..., as the function object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  IL, Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the function object.
+	 *
+	 * @return A reference to the new function object.
+	 */
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, initializer_list<U>, Ts...> && CCopyConstructible<TDecay<T>>
+		&& CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
+	FORCEINLINE TDecay<T>& Emplace(initializer_list<U> IL, Ts&&... Args)
+	{
+		Impl::Destroy();
+		return Impl::template Emplace<T>(IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
 	}
 
 	/** Removes any bound callable from the TFunction, restoring it to the default empty state. */
@@ -765,11 +795,22 @@ public:
 	 * Constructs an TUniqueFunction with initial content an function object of type TDecay<T>,
 	 * direct-non-list-initialized from Forward<Ts>(Args)....
 	 */
-	template <typename T, typename... ArgTypes> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
-		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, ArgTypes...> && CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
-	FORCEINLINE explicit TUniqueFunction(TInPlaceType<T>, ArgTypes&&... Args)
+	template <typename T, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, Ts...> && CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
+	FORCEINLINE explicit TUniqueFunction(TInPlaceType<T>, Ts&&... Args)
 	{
-		Impl::template Emplace<T>(Forward<ArgTypes>(Args)...);
+		Impl::template Emplace<T>(Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Constructs an TUniqueFunction with initial content an function object of type TDecay<T>,
+	 * direct-non-list-initialized from IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)....
+	 */
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, initializer_list<U>, Ts...> && CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
+	FORCEINLINE explicit TUniqueFunction(TInPlaceType<T>, initializer_list<U> IL, Ts&&... Args)
+	{
+		Impl::template Emplace<T>(IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
 	}
 
 	/** Removes any bound callable from the TUniqueFunction, restoring it to the default empty state. */
@@ -795,13 +836,31 @@ public:
 	 *
 	 * @return A reference to the new function object.
 	 */
-	template <typename T, typename... ArgTypes> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
-		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, ArgTypes...> && CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
-	FORCEINLINE TDecay<T>& Emplace(ArgTypes&&... Args)
+	template <typename T, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, Ts...> && CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
+	FORCEINLINE TDecay<T>& Emplace(Ts&&... Args)
 	{
 		Impl::Destroy();
 		using DecayedType = TDecay<T>;
-		return Impl::template Emplace<T>(Forward<ArgTypes>(Args)...);
+		return Impl::template Emplace<T>(Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Changes the function object to one of type TDecay<T> constructed from the arguments.
+	 * First destroys the current function object (if any) by Reset(), then constructs an object of type
+	 * TDecay<T>, direct-non-list-initialized from IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)..., as the function object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  IL, Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the function object.
+	 *
+	 * @return A reference to the new function object.
+	 */
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Ts> requires (NAMESPACE_PRIVATE::TIsInvocableSignature<F, TDecay<T>>::Value
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TDecay<T>, initializer_list<U>, Ts...> && CMoveConstructible<TDecay<T>> && CDestructible<TDecay<T>>)
+	FORCEINLINE TDecay<T>& Emplace(initializer_list<U> IL, Ts&&... Args)
+	{
+		Impl::Destroy();
+		using DecayedType = TDecay<T>;
+		return Impl::template Emplace<T>(IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
 	}
 
 	/** Removes any bound callable from the TUniqueFunction, restoring it to the default empty state. */

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Templates/Optional.h

@@ -66,6 +66,14 @@ public:
 	{
 		new (&Value) OptionalType(Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
 	}
+	
+	/** Constructs an object with initial content an object, direct-non-list-initialized from IL, Forward<Ts>(Args).... */
+	template <typename U, typename... Ts> requires (CConstructibleFrom<OptionalType, initializer_list<U>, Ts...>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr explicit TOptional(FInPlace, initializer_list<U> IL, Ts&&... Args)
+		: bIsValid(true)
+	{
+		new (&Value) OptionalType(IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
+	}
 
 	/** Copies content of other into a new instance. */
 	FORCEINLINE constexpr TOptional(const TOptional& InValue) requires (CTriviallyCopyConstructible<OptionalType>) = default;
@@ -258,16 +266,36 @@ public:
 	 * First destroys the current contained object (if any) by Reset(),
 	 * then constructs an object, direct-non-list-initialized from Forward<Ts>(Args)..., as the contained object.
 	 *
-	 * @param  Args	- The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the object.
+	 * @param  Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the object.
 	 *
 	 * @return A reference to the new object.
 	 */
-	template <typename... ArgTypes> requires (CConstructibleFrom<OptionalType, ArgTypes...>)
-	FORCEINLINE constexpr OptionalType& Emplace(ArgTypes&&... Args)
+	template <typename... Ts> requires (CConstructibleFrom<OptionalType, Ts...>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr OptionalType& Emplace(Ts&&... Args)
 	{
 		Reset();
 
-		OptionalType* Result = new (&Value) OptionalType(Forward<ArgTypes>(Args)...);
+		OptionalType* Result = new (&Value) OptionalType(Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
+		bIsValid = true;
+
+		return *Result;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Changes the contained object to one constructed from the arguments.
+	 * First destroys the current contained object (if any) by Reset(),
+	 * then constructs an object, direct-non-list-initialized from IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)..., as the contained object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  IL, Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the object.
+	 *
+	 * @return A reference to the new object.
+	 */
+	template <typename U, typename... Ts> requires (CConstructibleFrom<OptionalType, initializer_list<U>, Ts...>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr OptionalType& Emplace(initializer_list<U> IL, Ts&&... Args)
+	{
+		Reset();
+
+		OptionalType* Result = new (&Value) OptionalType(IL, Forward<Ts>(Args)...);
 		bIsValid = true;
 
 		return *Result;

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Templates/ScopeHelper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "CoreTypes.h"
+#include "Templates/Utility.h"
+#include "TypeTraits/Invocable.h"
+#include "Templates/Noncopyable.h"
+#include "TypeTraits/CompositeType.h"
+#include "TypeTraits/Miscellaneous.h"
+#include "TypeTraits/SupportedOperations.h"
+
+NAMESPACE_REDCRAFT_BEGIN
+NAMESPACE_MODULE_BEGIN(Redcraft)
+NAMESPACE_MODULE_BEGIN(Utility)
+
+/** The class template is a general-purpose scope guard intended to call its callback function when a scope is exited. */
+template <CInvocable F> requires (CDestructible<F>)
+class TScopeCallback final : public FNoncopyable
+{
+public:
+
+	/** Initializes the callback function with a function or function object. */
+	template <typename InF> requires (!CSameAs<TRemoveCVRef<InF>, TScopeCallback> && CConstructibleFrom<F, InF>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr explicit TScopeCallback(InF&& Func) : Storage(Forward<InF>(Func)), bIsActive(true) { }
+
+	/** Move constructor. Initializes the stored object with the one in other.  */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr TScopeCallback(TScopeCallback&& InValue) requires (CMoveConstructible<F>)
+		: Storage(MoveTemp(InValue.Storage)), bIsActive(InValue.bIsActive)
+	{
+		InValue.Release();
+	}
+
+	/** Calls the callback function if the TScopeCallback is active, then destroys the stored object. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr ~TScopeCallback()
+	{
+		if (bIsActive) Storage();
+	}
+
+	/** Makes the TScopeCallback inactive. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr void Release() { bIsActive = false; }
+
+	/** @return a const reference to the stored object. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr const F& Get() const { return Storage; }
+
+private:
+
+	F Storage;
+	bool bIsActive;
+
+};
+
+template <typename F>
+TScopeCallback(F) -> TScopeCallback<F>;
+
+/** The class template is a general-purpose scope guard intended to make sure a value is restored when a scope is exited. */
+template <typename T> requires (CCopyConstructible<T> && CCopyAssignable<T> && CMoveAssignable<T> && CDestructible<T>)
+class TGuardValue final : public FNoncopyable
+{
+public:
+
+	/** Initializes the TGuardValue with a reference. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr TGuardValue(T& InReference) : Reference(InReference), OldValue(InReference), bIsActive(true) { }
+
+	/** Initializes the TGuardValue with a reference and assign a new value to the reference. */
+	template <typename U> requires (CAssignableFrom<T&, U>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr TGuardValue(T& InReference, U&& InValue) : Reference(InReference), OldValue(InReference), bIsActive(true) { InReference = InValue; }
+
+	/** Move constructor. Initializes the referenced value and old value with the one in other.  */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr TGuardValue(TGuardValue&& InValue) requires (CMoveConstructible<T>)
+		: Reference(InValue.Reference), OldValue(MoveTemp(InValue.OldValue)), bIsActive(InValue.bIsActive)
+	{
+		InValue.Release();
+	}
+
+	/** Restore the referenced value if the TGuardValue is active, then destroys the old value. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr ~TGuardValue()
+	{
+		if (bIsActive) Reference = MoveTemp(OldValue);
+	}
+
+	/** Makes the TGuardValue inactive. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr void Release() { bIsActive = false; }
+
+	/** @return a const reference to the old value. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr const T& Get() const { return OldValue; }
+
+private:
+
+	T& Reference;
+	T OldValue;
+	bool bIsActive;
+
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+TGuardValue(T&) -> TGuardValue<T>;
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+TGuardValue(T&, U&&) -> TGuardValue<T>;
+
+/** Commonly used to make sure a value is incremented, and then decremented when a scope is exited. */
+template <typename T> requires (requires(T& Value) { ++Value; --Value; })
+class TScopeCounter : public FNoncopyable
+{
+public:
+
+	/** Initializes the TScopeCounter with a reference and increments it. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr TScopeCounter(T& InReference)
+		: Reference(InReference)
+	{
+		++Reference;
+	}
+
+	/** Decrements the referenced value. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr ~TScopeCounter()
+	{
+		--Reference;
+	}
+
+	/** @return a const reference to the value. */
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr const T& Get() const { return Reference; }
+
+private:
+
+	T& Reference;
+
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+TScopeCounter(T&) -> TScopeCounter<T>;
+
+NAMESPACE_MODULE_END(Utility)
+NAMESPACE_MODULE_END(Redcraft)
+NAMESPACE_REDCRAFT_END

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Templates/Templates.h

@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@
 #include "Templates/TypeHash.h"
 #include "Templates/Function.h"
 #include "Templates/Atomic.h"
+#include "Templates/ScopeHelper.h"

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Templates/TypeHash.h

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ FORCEINLINE constexpr size_t GetTypeHash(T A)
 	if constexpr (sizeof(T) ==  2) return GetTypeHash(*reinterpret_cast<uint16*>(&A));
 	if constexpr (sizeof(T) ==  4) return GetTypeHash(*reinterpret_cast<uint32*>(&A));
 	if constexpr (sizeof(T) ==  8) return GetTypeHash(*reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(&A));
-	if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 16) return GetTypeHash(*reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(&A) + *(reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(&A) + 1));
+	if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 16) return GetTypeHash(*reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(&A) ^ *(reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(&A) + 1));
 	else check_no_entry();
 	
 	return INDEX_NONE;

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Templates/Variant.h

@@ -142,6 +142,22 @@ public:
 		using SelectedType = TVariantAlternative<I, TVariant<Ts...>>;
 		new (&Value) SelectedType(Forward<Us>(Args)...);
 	}
+	
+	/** Constructs a variant with the specified alternative T and initializes the contained value with the arguments IL, Forward<Us>(Args).... */
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Us> requires (CConstructibleFrom<T, initializer_list<U>, Us...>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr explicit TVariant(TInPlaceType<T>, initializer_list<U> IL, Us&&... Args)
+		: TVariant(InPlaceIndex<TVariantIndex<T, TVariant<Ts...>>>, IL, Forward<Us>(Args)...)
+	{ }
+
+	/** Constructs a variant with the alternative T specified by the index I and initializes the contained value with the arguments IL, Forward<Us>(Args).... */
+	template <size_t I, typename T, typename... Us> requires (I < sizeof...(Ts)
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TVariantAlternative<I, TVariant<Ts...>>, initializer_list<T>, Us...>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr explicit TVariant(TInPlaceIndex<I>, initializer_list<T> IL, Us&&... Args)
+		: TypeIndex(I)
+	{
+		using SelectedType = TVariantAlternative<I, TVariant<Ts...>>;
+		new (&Value) SelectedType(IL, Forward<Us>(Args)...);
+	}
 
 	/** Destroys the contained object, if any, as if by a call to Reset(). */
 	FORCEINLINE constexpr ~TVariant() requires (true && ... && CTriviallyDestructible<Ts>) = default;
@@ -273,7 +289,7 @@ public:
 	 * First, destroys the currently contained value if any.
 	 * Then direct-initializes the contained value as if constructing a value of type T with the arguments Forward<Us>(Args)....
 	 *
-	 * @param  Args	- The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the contained object.
+	 * @param  Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the contained object.
 	 * 
 	 * @return A reference to the new contained object.
 	 */
@@ -289,6 +305,34 @@ public:
 
 		return *Result;
 	}
+	
+	/** Equivalent to Emplace<I>(IL, Forward<Us>(Args)...), where I is the zero-based index of T in Types.... */
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Us> requires (CConstructibleFrom<T, initializer_list<U>, Us...>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr T& Emplace(initializer_list<U> IL, Us&&... Args)
+	{
+		return Emplace<TVariantIndex<T, TVariant<Ts...>>>(IL, Forward<Us>(Args)...);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * First, destroys the currently contained value if any.
+	 * Then direct-initializes the contained value as if constructing a value of type T with the arguments IL, Forward<Us>(Args)....
+	 *
+	 * @param  IL, Args - The arguments to be passed to the constructor of the contained object.
+	 * 
+	 * @return A reference to the new contained object.
+	 */
+	template <size_t I, typename T, typename... Us> requires (I < sizeof...(Ts)
+		&& CConstructibleFrom<TVariantAlternative<I, TVariant<Ts...>>, initializer_list<T>, Us...>)
+	FORCEINLINE constexpr TVariantAlternative<I, TVariant<Ts...>>& Emplace(initializer_list<T> IL, Us&&... Args)
+	{
+		Reset();
+
+		using SelectedType = TVariantAlternative<I, TVariant<Ts...>>;
+		SelectedType* Result = new (&Value) SelectedType(IL, Forward<Us>(Args)...);
+		TypeIndex = I;
+
+		return *Result;
+	}
 
 	/** @return The typeid of the contained value if instance is non-empty, otherwise typeid(void). */
 	NODISCARD FORCEINLINE constexpr const type_info& GetTypeInfo() const { return IsValid() ? *TypeInfos[GetIndex()] : typeid(void); }

Redcraft.Utility/Source/Public/Testing/TemplatesTesting.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ REDCRAFTUTILITY_API void TestAny();
 REDCRAFTUTILITY_API void TestTuple();
 REDCRAFTUTILITY_API void TestFunction();
 REDCRAFTUTILITY_API void TestAtomic();
+REDCRAFTUTILITY_API void TestScopeHelper();
 REDCRAFTUTILITY_API void TestMiscTemplates();
 
 NAMESPACE_END(Testing)